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What happened to Washington’s wildlife after the largest dam removal in US history

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In the 19th and 20th centuries, river valleys throughout the American West were dammed up and drowned out at the altar of economic progress and electrification. This resulted in the man-made flood that, in a miraculous way, saved our heroes at the end of O Brother Where Art Thou. In the 1910s, the Elwha river in Washington State was one example of this. Its dam prevented native salmon species from making their yearly journey to spawn, but it also cut off roughly 40 miles of river from the open ocean, which served as an economic stimulus for the development of the Olympic Peninsula. But today’s largest dams on the river are beaver-built, the result of decades of legal struggle by the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe.

Joe Roman, a conservation biologist from the University of Vermont, describes how rapidly nature may recover when a 108-foot-tall migration barrier is removed from the local ecosystem in this week’s Hitting the Books pick, Eat, Poop, Die: How Animals Make Our World. This passage talks about the scientists and naturalists that work to comprehend the various ways that migratory salmon affect the food web in the Pacific Northwest and the ways that nutrients move through it. The entire book offers an intriguing look at how even a few species’ most fundamental biological processes—like, poopin’—can have an impact on life as we know it on a global scale.

The Elwha Dam was intended to provide electricity to the expanding city of Port Angeles and draw economic activity to the Olympic Peninsula in Washington when work on it started in 1910. With water traveling more than a hundred yards from the reservoir to the river below, it was one of the earliest high-head dams in the area. Ten anadromous fish runs occurred in the river prior to the construction of the dam. Steelhead, bull trout, and all five species of Pacific salmon (pink, chum, sockeye, Chinook, and coho) were present in the river. Hundreds of thousands of salmon came up the Elwha to spawn in a good year. However, the planned fish ladders were never completed by the contractors. Consequently, the Elwha severed 90% of the migratory salmon’s habitat and most of the watershed from the ocean.

The world’s rivers are choked by thousands of dams, which kill fish populations and obstruct the flow of nutrients from the sea to the mountain springs. A few possess fish ladders. Some people move fish over concrete barriers. Numerous serve as long-term obstacles to thousands of species’ ability to migrate.

The impact of the Elwha on native salmon was an increasing source of worry by the 1980s. 95% of the populations had dropped, wreaking havoc on the area’s fauna and Indigenous cultures. The Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe’s economy and culture depend on river salmon. The tribe moved to halt the relicensing of the Elwha Dam and the Glines Canyon Dam, an even taller upstream impoundment than the Elwha, through the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in 1986. The 1855 Treaty of Point No Point, in which the Klallam people gave up much of the Olympic Peninsula in exchange for the right to “take fish at usual and accustomed grounds” for themselves and all of their successors, was broken by the dams because it prevented salmon movement. The tribe collaborated with environmental organizations including the Seattle Audubon Society and the Sierra Club to put pressure on state and federal representatives to dismantle the dams. The Elwha and Glines Canyon Dams could be dismantled because of the 1992 Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act, which Congress passed.

The greatest dam dismantling effort in history, the Elwha Dam demolition project took roughly three years and cost $350 million. Starting from September 2011, water was diverted to one side by coffer dams as the Elwha Dam was demolished. Glines Canyon presented greater difficulties. It took a “glorified jackhammer on a floating barge,” according to Pess, to break down the two hundred-foot impoundment. As the water level dropped, the barge broke down, and fresh equipment had to be airlifted in. The majority of the dam had collapsed by 2014, however fish passage was still obstructed by rockfall. Before the fish could enter the river completely, another year of moving boulders and concrete was required.

The fish gave a prompt, gratifying, and occasionally surprise response. Bull trout from the Elwha River began swimming towards the ocean after being trapped in the soil for over a century. The average number of Chinook salmon in the watershed rose from two thousand to four thousand. During dinner at Nerka, Pess informed me that a large number of the Chinook were descended from hatchery fish. “You can’t just assume that a completely natural population will show up right away if 90% of your population came from a hatchery prior to dam removal.” The population of steelhead trout has increased from a few hundred to over two thousand.

A greater variety of native and hatchery fish returned to the Elwha watershed in a matter of years. The wildlife in the area also reacted. The fresh nutrients from the sea were absorbed into insects and salmon eggs, which the river bird known as the American dipper consumed. Their odds of surviving increased, and the females with access to fish fared better than the ones without. Perhaps a return to life before the dam, they began bearing many broods and no longer had to travel far for sustenance. A research conducted in British Columbia, which is close by, revealed that songbird diversity and abundance rose as salmon populations rose. They weren’t even there during the salmon migration; they weren’t even consuming the fish. However, the rise in insects and other invertebrates was advantageous to them.

The dismantling of the dams also brought back dormant migratory patterns, which was as exciting. In order to reproduce, Pacific lamprey began to move up the river. After spending several generations in the reservoir situated above the dam, bull trout started their seaward migration. For the first time in many years, rainbow trout could be seen swimming in the river. Over time, when sediments accumulated behind the dams washed downstream, the river began to resemble a natural body of water.

The Elwha project’s success might be the catalyst for a major project that removes more outdated dams. Enloe Dam, a fifty-four-foot concrete wall in northern Washington, is scheduled to be removed, creating two hundred miles of new river habitat for Chinook and steelhead salmon. This increase in salmon would aid critically endangered killer whales, who live downstream off the coast of the Pacific Northwest. With only seventy of these animals left, they need all the fish they can get.

Since eight dams were built in the 20th century on the Klamath River in Northern California, the spring Chinook salmon flow has decreased by 98%. There has also been a sharp fall in coho salmon. Four dams are slated to be removed in the coming years in an effort to restore salmon migration. To conserve Washington State’s endangered salmon, it might be possible to breach the dams on the Snake River further north. Historic salmon populations may return in that case, as may the numerous species that depended on the nutrients and energy that the salmon carried upstream.

In the West, further dams made of twigs, stones, and mud are being built. Beaver dams benefit salmon by establishing new habitats in slow-water areas, which are vital for young salmon. Beaver ponds in Washington chill the streams, increasing salmon productivity. The salmon in Alaska utilize the warmer ponds to aid in the breakdown of the food they consume. In contrast to the massive concrete impoundments, which are built for stability, beaver dams create dynamic, varied environments that are easy for salmon to navigate. Beavers eat, construct dams, feces, and move on. Although humans may desire stability, Earth and its inhabitants are dynamic.

Welcome to TheEpicTimes.com, your trusted source for comprehensive coverage of news and stories spanning the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. We're committed to delivering timely, insightful, and diverse content that keeps you informed about the latest developments in these dynamic regions. we recognize the importance of understanding the unique cultures, events, and issues that shape the USA, UK, and Canada. Our dedicated team of journalists and contributors is passionate about bringing you reliable news and engaging stories from across these diverse nations.

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12 Nintendo Switch tips and tricks you probably didn’t know (but definitely should)

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A screenshot of one of the best Nintendo switch tips

Regardless of how long you’ve owned your system, there are certain Nintendo Switch tips and tricks that you might not have known about (if you haven’t already, the Black Friday deals on the Switch might be the opportunity you’ve been waiting for). In this post, we’ll try to correct that by summarizing some of the features that have enhanced our personal use of the gadget.

There exist numerous tips and tricks to enhance your usage of Nintendo’s entertaining and portable system, such as customizing your Switch or remapping buttons to save space or even locate misplaced Joy-Cons. Though in this article we’re only going to talk about items you can customize with the Switch consoles themselves, so there’s no need to buy anything else, you might also want to have a look at some of the greatest Nintendo Switch accessories.

12 helpful hints for the Nintendo Switch

Remap your buttons if you’d like. Want to obtain extra saves? Our best Nintendo Switch advice and techniques are included here.

Recently, there has been a lot of interest in dark mode, in part due to the perception that it could aid with eye strain and, in part, because it looks cool. There is, in fact, a dark mode for the Nintendo Switch. Just select Basic Black from the Themes menu under System Settings. This will alter the background of the menu pages and home screen to black; the games will remain unchanged.

2. Modify the avatar on your Nintendo Switch profile

Upon initializing your Nintendo Switch, you will be prompted to select an avatar and establish a profile. You can, however, always alter your avatar afterwards. Simply tap your symbol in the top-left corner to access your profile page, and then select User Settings > Edit symbol.

3. Remap the buttons on a Nintendo Switch
a picture of one of the top Nintendo Switch tutorials

Remapping the buttons on your controller is something you might not be aware of if you’ve owned your Nintendo Switch for a while, as it was only made possible via an update released in April 2022. Navigate to Controllers and Sensors > System Settings > Change Button Mapping.

On the Nintendo Switch, buttons for both Joy-Cons and the Switch Pro Controller can be remapped. You may adjust the purpose of each button and the joystick’s orientation by simply choosing a controller. It is possible to adjust the Joy-Con inputs for both horizontal and vertical gaming.

Although the Nintendo Switch is incredibly portable, its usefulness when traveling without a power source may be limited by its short battery life. Although a battery charge typically lasts three to four hours, there are a few strategies you can take to extend its life.

One of the most obvious solutions is to lower the brightness of the panel. This is by default set to automatic. To adjust the brightness to a fixed lower level, navigate to the settings page. Disabling controller vibration under ‘Controllers and Sensors’ is an additional choice. Additionally, you can lower the volume and enter flight mode.

To monitor battery life more closely, you can enable the battery percentage display option (System Settings > System). Of course, a portable power bank can be a wise purchase if you plan to use your console for an extended period of time without access to electricity.

Have you lost your Joy-Cons? No worries, the Switch comes equipped with a feature that allows you to find controllers (so long as they are in the same area; it won’t work if they are at someone else’s house). To view the controllers connected to your console, navigate to Controllers > Find Controllers.

If the missing controller has fallen behind the sofa or under the bed, you can locate it by highlighting it and pressing the L or R button on the one you have. If not, it should vibrate. To make both Joy-Cons vibrate in case you lose them, tap the touch screen.

We adore the Nintendo Switch, but if you primarily use digital downloads, you may quickly run out of space once you’ve accumulated a library of games due to the device’s lackluster hard drive capacity. Archiving games that you aren’t playing right now is one way to solve the problem. While maintaining game saves, this frees up space.

Simply select Manage Software > Archive Software after highlighting the game and pressing +. System Settings > Data Management is another way to archive. Choose Quick Archive to receive recommendations based on file size and playtime recently. Select the software you wish to archive by clicking Manage Software.

Naturally, there’s a good risk that your hard drive will eventually run out of capacity, especially if you have the original Switch or Switch Lite, which only have 32GB of space (the 64GB OLED model doubles that). The truth is, you will most likely need to buy a MicroSD card at some point. Third-party choices are supported by the consoles, and Black Friday is frequently a good time to locate deals.

You can move game data between the microSD card and the console if you’re using one (System Settings > Data Management > Move Data Between System / microSD Card). Click Move Data after choosing your destination and the games you wish to transfer. One advantage of purchasing physical games—which are frequently less expensive if you discover a deal at a store like Amazon—is that they don’t take up as much room.

Finding out that a game only supports one save file and that you have to erase the old one in order to create a new one or restart the game can be annoying at times.Making several user profiles is an easy way to get around this. Since every profile has its own save data, you can make a save for every profile you have. Go to System Settings > Users > Add Users to establish a new profile. When you launch a game after that, you’ll be able to select from your many profiles

On the Switch, you can’t record very long gameplay videos, but you can at least snap screenshots and record brief gameplay clips of the previous 30 seconds. You may now transmit screenshots from the Switch to your phone instead of the very restrictive Facebook or Twitter option that was previously the sole way to share images.

Press ‘A’ to bring up the Sharing and Editing options when you open the screenshot on your Switch, and then choose Send to Smartphone. To establish a wireless connection between the devices, you must first use your phone to scan one QR code. After that, you must scan a second code to view an image on a web page. You are free to use the image however you see fit after saving it to your phone.

Using friend codes, you can connect and play games with other Switch users. By accessing your user profile, you may see your code—a 16-digit code that will show up next to your icon. The majority of online multiplayer games, including Fortnite, require a Nintendo Switch Online subscription, although some do not. To play online against your trusted pals, you’ll need to add them.

Since the Nintendo Switch is not region-locked, you can purchase games from retailers across the globe in addition to those in your home nation. The drawback is that it can be a little tricky to obtain a digital code from another nation. The code requires you to set up a profile in the nation where it was obtained, however this is a simple and free process.a

Navigate to System > User settings. Select an icon and a nickname for the profile by tapping Add New User. Following that, you’ll need to register as a new user online. Simply follow the instructions, making sure to select the correct nation for your profile and provide a second email address for verification. When you’re finished, you can use your profile to log into the eShop (you’ll notice the currency is different) and use the sidebar menu to redeem your voucher.

You can use any of your profiles to play the game after downloading it. But, if you remove the newly made profile, you won’t be able to access it.

Your Nintendo Switch home screen allows you to customize the wallpaper and rearrange the icons as you see fit. By selecting Custom, you have the option to design your own background color and pre-made themes. You’ll need a microSD card to transfer an image to your Switch in order to add a custom wallpaper. Proceed to System Settings > Themes > Change Theme after that. After selecting Custom, choose the desired image to use.

Once you have more than 12 titles, you may additionally group Switch software. Scroll all the way to the right from the Home Menu and choose “All Software.” In order to examine your software by groups, press the L button. “Select Create new group,” check the titles you wish to include, organize them as you see fit, and give the group a name. It is possible to establish up to 100 groups, each with 200 titles.

12. Understand how to perform a Nintendo Switch hard reset.

The Nintendo Switch could occasionally freeze on you, just like any other electrical gadget. Hard resets are typically able to remedy this. The console should reset if you hold down the system’s power button for up to 15 seconds. In more severe situations, you can conduct a full factory reset by deleting the memory by heading to System Settings > System > Formatting Options > Initialize Console.

If you’re still in the market for a Nintendo Switch system, check out our guide to the top Nintendo Switch bargains or the prices shown below for your area. We also have a post about the top games for the Nintendo Switch.

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Maria Menounos Saw Signs of Pancreatic Cancer a Year Before Her Diagnosis — Here’s What Doctors Missed

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Maria Menounos Saw Signs of Pancreatic Cancer a Year Before Her Diagnosis — Here’s What Doctors Missed

In December 2022, about a year and a half ago, Maria Menounos received the horrifying news that she had pancreatic cancer. Since then, the TV and podcast host has had surgery to remove the tumor along with her spleen, a fibroid, and 17 lymph nodes. She has also turned into an ardent supporter, striving to increase public awareness of the illness. It’s a crucial job since, according to the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network (PanCAN), pancreatic cancer can be difficult to diagnose because the organ is situated too deep in the abdomen for medical professionals to feel or see tumors, and because symptoms aren’t always evident. Menounos’s route to a diagnosis, which included several missed indications and months of doctor appointments, serves as an example.

During a recent episode of Hoda Kotb’s podcast, Making Space, Menounos talked about how she had been experiencing severe bloating for several months prior to receiving her diagnosis. She said, “I looked like I swallowed a basketball for at least a year and a half or so.” In March 2022, Menounos stated, she had a test for celiac disease and had an endoscopy and colonoscopy in an attempt to “get to the root of what’s happening,” but the physicians “didn’t find the source.”

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She continued, “I was attempting to exclude items from [my] diet to see if there was a difference, so I kept snapping pictures of [my bloating]. “I told myself that there was a problem and that I would keep looking for it until I found it.”

Eight months before receiving a pancreatic cancer diagnosis, in April 2022, Menounos suggested that her pancreas might be the issue on an episode of her own podcast, Heal Squad. Menounos recounted the incident, saying, “[I said,] ‘I think something’s wrong with my pancreas,'” and that “a whole discussion about the pancreas” ensued. She described her remarkably precise prediction as “so random.”

Menounos began to have new-onset diabetes in June 2022, which is another sign of pancreatic cancer. Menounos recalled, “I said, ‘I don’t have this,’ first.” “I have no reason to develop Type 1 diabetes at 43 years old or older.” In retrospect, it appears that doctors overlooked this further warning indication. Research suggests that newly developing diabetes in adults over 50 “may be an early symptom of pancreatic cancer,” according to PanCAN. having diarrhea and what she had previously described as “excruciating” stomach discomfort. Menounos’s agony persisted even after CT scans, blood tests, and stool examinations revealed nothing abnormal. Ultimately, a growth on her pancreas was discovered during an MRI in December 2022. A biopsy later identified the abnormality as a stage 2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.

Menounos was fortunate to have been diagnosed with cancer at an early stage and to have had the means to receive treatment. However, during the course of the year, Menounos’ doctors missed several symptoms even with those resources. The E! News alum is committed to sharing her experience because it validates the strength of persistence and self-advocacy in the doctor’s office.

Menounos stated earlier this month in a PanCAN ad that the best thing you can do for your health is “early detection, paying attention to your body and the signals it’s giving you.” “I want people to realize that they need to pay attention and take charge of their health.” According to PanCAN, signs of pancreatic cancer specifically can include back or abdominal pain, sudden-onset diabetes, jaundice, nausea, loss of appetite, changes in stool, and enlargement of the pancreas (also known as pancreatitis).

It’s important to be aware of the signs of cancer and other health problems and to make sure that medical professionals give your worries due consideration. Menounos emphasized, “You can’t just listen to somebody else tell you what’s happening in your body.” “If the suffering continues, you must not give up.”

Read about these famous people who have discussed their autoimmune diseases before you leave:

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8 teens face murder charges in deadly beating near Las Vegas high school

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8 teens face murder charges in deadly beating near Las Vegas high school

After the attack, Jonathan Lewis, 17, passed away, according to the Clark County coroner’s office. It was stated that complications from numerous blunt force injuries were the cause of his death. Homicide was recorded as the cause of his death.

After the attack, Jonathan Lewis, 17, passed away, according to the Clark County coroner’s office. It was stated that complications from numerous blunt force injuries were the cause of his death. Homicide was recorded as the cause of his death. In KLAS

The ages of all eight are thirteen to seventeen. The teenagers’ names were withheld for a while due to their age. In Nevada, a case involving a 16- or 17-year-old accused of murder is immediately sent to the adult court system. We call this procedure “certification.” Although it is not always the case, judges have the authority to certify minors over 14 as adults for any type of felony offense, including murder.

The incident took place on Wednesday, November 1st, close to Rancho High School on the 1900 block of Searles Avenue.

LVMPD Lt. Jason Johannson stated at a press conference on Tuesday that all 10 individuals involved were Rancho High School students. Johannson declared that there was insufficient evidence to classify the occurrence as a hate crime and called the footage “void of humanity.”

Eight of the ten had been recognized by police as of Tuesday, according to Johannson. All eight were taken into custody by police and the FBI early on Tuesday.

According to Johannson, Lewis was not defending himself and was lying on the ground when he passed out. The altercation was allegedly about a vape pen and some stolen wireless headphones.

The father of the younger Lewis, Jonathan Lewis, revealed to 8 News Now that his 17-year-old son passed away on Tuesday, Nov. 7, due to the wounds. Lewis, an out-of-state resident, expressed his hope that the passing of his son would spark a discussion about youth violence in the Las Vegas area.

In a statement to 8 News Now after the arrest, he stated, “We all must be held accountable for our choices.” “In our community, we should be able to live in harmony and experience love! For me, justice is just now beginning to be understood. For me as a father, a big part of justice is identifying the real reasons why, at this age, our kids choose violence—the underlying causes, the fear of ongoing resource conflict and reliance on a dysfunctional system—and creating our own self-regulated riches and health instead!

Two persons who were still unidentified were requested to be identified by police. As of Tuesday afternoon, neither of the two’s photos had been made public.

It is suggested that anyone with information get in touch with the LVMPD Homicide Section via email at [email protected] or by phone at 702-828-3521. Call Crime Stoppers at 702-385-5555 or use their website to remain anonymous.

“Instead of enslaving yourselves to anger, rage, and cowardly violence, I’m calling on the youth to use their collective mob voice to demand change, create a deep sense of community, and do something with your power,” stated the older Lewis.

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